By bringing together expertise from different areas, the Priority Programme wants to improve algorithmic methods that are able to efficiently utilise additional processors or memory features: On the one hand recent hardware developments and technological challenges need to be appropriately captured in better computational models. On the other hand, both common and problem specific algorithmic challenges due to big data are to be identified and clustered. Considering both sides, a basic toolbox of improved algorithms and data structures for big data sets is to be derived.